The 10 Million User Challenge
Scaling is not just about adding more servers. It's about fundamental architectural decisions.
Database Sharding
When a single Write Master is no longer sufficient, sharding becomes necessary.
- Vertical Partitioning: Splitting tables by feature.
- Horizontal Partitioning: Splitting rows by key range or hash.
Caching Strategy
The most performant database query is the one you never make.
- L1 Cache: In-memory (Redis/Memcached).
- L2 Cache: Application-level caching.
- CDN: Edge caching for static assets.
System Design
Scalability
Backend